Technology is the one topic where every ESL student has direct, personal experience regardless of age, background, or level. A2 students can talk about their smartphone. C1 students can debate the ethics of AI. The topic scales naturally across levels because everyone is living inside it.
Here are 50 discussion questions organised by CEFR level. YapYapGo is a free classroom speaking practice tool for ESL and EFL teachers that includes technology as one of its discussion topic categories, with questions matched to age group and CEFR level. For more on teaching technology topics, see our post on how AI is changing ESL speaking practice.
A2 Elementary (questions 1-10)
Concrete, personal, familiar - students should be able to answer from direct experience.
- How many hours a day do you use your phone?
- What apps do you use every day?
- Do you prefer calling or messaging people?
- Have you ever lost your phone? What happened?
- What was the first piece of technology you remember using?
- Do you prefer watching videos online or on TV?
- Can you do anything on a computer that you can not do on your phone?
- Do you think children spend too much time on screens?
- What would you do if you had no internet for a week?
- What is the most useful piece of technology in your home?
B1 Intermediate (questions 11-25)
- Do you think technology makes people more or less connected to each other?
- How has technology changed the way you shop?
- Should children be allowed to have smartphones at school?
- Do you think social media has made people happier or unhappier?
- What technology do you wish had never been invented?
- How would your life be different if you had grown up without the internet?
- Do you think robots will take your job in the future?
- Is it rude to look at your phone during a meal with other people?
- How do you feel about companies collecting your data?
- Would you trust a self-driving car?
- Do you think you are addicted to your phone?
- How has technology changed the music industry?
- What is the best and worst thing about video calls?
- Do you think online shopping is better or worse for the environment?
- If you could invent one piece of technology, what would it be?
Tool tip: YapYapGo's Topic Discussion mode includes technology as a dedicated category. Questions update between sessions so your class never discusses the same question twice. A conversation topic generator gives you a quick additional prompt if pairs finish early.
B2 Upper-Intermediate (questions 26-40)
- To what extent has social media changed political discourse for better or worse?
- Should governments be allowed to ban end-to-end encryption in messaging apps?
- How should technology companies be regulated?
- Is working from home a long-term positive or negative for society?
- Do you think AI will do more harm than good in the next 20 years?
- How has streaming changed the way stories are told in film and TV?
- Should there be a universal right to digital privacy?
- How does algorithmic recommendation shape what we believe?
- Is the attention economy fundamentally incompatible with human wellbeing?
- Should companies be required to disclose when AI was used to create content?
- How has technology changed what it means to be a journalist?
- Is the digital divide a form of inequality that governments should address?
- Do you think the internet has made it easier or harder to find the truth?
- How should parents manage their children's relationship with technology?
- Should social media platforms be treated as publishers or neutral platforms?
C1 Advanced (questions 41-50)
- "Technology has expanded human freedom more than any political movement in history." How far do you agree?
- To what extent is the concept of "digital addiction" a genuine clinical phenomenon or a moral panic about new behaviour?
- How does the architecture of social media platforms - infinite scroll, algorithmic feeds, variable reward mechanisms - relate to the neuroscience of addiction?
- Is the global consolidation of technology into a small number of platforms a greater threat to democracy than the content on those platforms?
- How should we think about intellectual property and authorship in a world where AI can generate plausible versions of any creative work?
- To what extent is "surveillance capitalism" an inevitable consequence of the business model that made the internet free?
- How does the permanence of digital information change human identity and the possibility of personal reinvention?
- Is the acceleration of technological change outpacing humanity's ability to develop appropriate ethical frameworks?
- "The medium is the message." What does McLuhan's thesis mean in the context of social media?
- If you could design one binding global regulation for the technology industry, what would it be?
Using these in class
For pair discussion: Choose three questions at the target level. Two to three minutes each, shuffle partners between questions. A random student picker keeps the whole-class sharing phase fair. A debate timer handles the structure when you switch to debate format. For debate format: Turn any B2+ question into a motion: "This house believes social media companies should be regulated like utilities." Assign sides randomly using YapYapGo's Debate mode or a coin flip. For mixed-level classes: Give A2 students questions 1-10 and C1 students questions 41-50. Both groups practise simultaneously on the same broad topic, at genuinely appropriate levels.Sources:
- Dörnyei, Z. (2001). Motivational Strategies in the Language Classroom. Cambridge University Press. - Personal relevance drives sustained speaking engagement.
- Long, M. (1996). The Role of the Linguistic Environment in Second Language Acquisition. Handbook of Second Language Acquisition. - Varied partners and genuine opinions drive acquisition.